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學習 / 語言 / 日文 / 簡單日語 #22

發表於 由atthedailycrossroads撰寫

https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/tv/japaneasy/season1/22.html

Talking about giving and receiving (Part 1)

  1. agemasu (give)
  2. moraimasu (take, receive)
  3. omiyage (souvenir)
  4. hitotsu (one)
  5. Hawai ni omiyage desu.
  6. Hitotsu agemasu.
  7. Arigatō. Jā, kore o moraimasu.
  8. Oya? (What?)
  9. Iinā. (Lucky you.)
  10. “Kuremasu" is used when someone besides yourself is giving something.
  11. “kuremasukane" is the question form.
  12. “kuremasuyo" is used to emphasize.
  1. Suzuki（鈴木）
  2. suzu (bell)
  3. ki (tree)
  4. Takahashi（高橋）
  5. taka (high)
  6. hashi (bridge)
  7. Tamura（田村）
  8. ta (rice field)
  9. mura (village)
  1. katteageru (buy and give)
  2. kattemorau (have someone buy and receive)
  3. nekkuresu (necklace)
  4. jā (then)
  5. nanika (something)
  6. iiyo (OK)
  7. nekutai (tie)
  8. Akemasu. (I’ll open it.)
  9. darekara (from whom)
  10. The casual form of “agemasu" is “ageru". Similarly, “moraimasu" becomes “morau" and “kuremasu" becomes “kureru".
  11. You use “katteageru" when you buy something for someone.
  12. You can also say “kattemorau" when someone buys something for you, and “kattekureru" when someone besides yourself buys something.
  1. kao ni kaitearu. (It’s written on your face.)
  2. kao (face)
  3. kaitearu (written)
  4. kao ga hiroi. (Used to describe someone that is famous or knows many people.)
  5. hiroi (wide)
  6. Momijimanjū (A grilled bean paste bun in the shape of an autumn maple leaf.)
發表於 學語言

學習 / 語言 / 日文 / 簡單日語 #21

發表於 由atthedailycrossroads撰寫

https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/tv/japaneasy/season1/21.html

Formal and casual ways of talking.

  1. Polite version: Nani ni shimasuka?
  2. Casual version: Nani ni suru?
  3. nani (what)
  4. Polite version: Dotchi ni shimasuka?
  5. Casual version: Dotchi ni suru?
  6. dotchi (which)
  7. The casual form does not use “ka" at the end of questions.
  8. tabemasu / taberu (eat)
  9. ikimasu / iku (go)
  10. okimasu / okiru (wake up)
  11. nomimasu / nomu (drink)
  1. matsuri (festival)（祭）
  2. Aomori（青森）
  3. Nagano（長野）
  4. Tokushima（德島）
  5. Nagasaki（長崎）
  1. When proposing to rest and go to a café or something, the polite form is “Ocha shimasenka?"
  2. If the answer is yes, you say “Sō shimashō."
  3. The casual form: “Sorosoro, ocha shinai?"
  4. If the answer is yes, you say “Īne, sō shiyō."
  5. For the casual question form, you don’t add “ka".
  6. shimasu (polite version)
  7. suru (casual version)
  8. shimashō (polite version)
  9. shiyō (casual version)
  1. Kurimonaka (A Japanese dessert that consists of a sweet bean paste and chestnut sandwiched between two thin slices of baked dough made of glutinous rice.)
  2. mizu ni nagasu / Mizu ni nagasuyo. (to forget about the mistake)
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學習 / 語言 / 日文 / 簡單日語 #20

發表於 由atthedailycrossroads撰寫

https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/tv/japaneasy/season1/20.html

Inviting someone to do something.

  1. shokuji (meal)
  2. minna (everyone)
  3. janken (rock-paper-scissors)
  4. kimemasenka (decide)
  5. Janken de kimemasenka?
  6. Minna de shokuji ni ikimasenka?
  7. ikimasenka
  8. ikimasu (VERB)
  9. ikimasenka? (negative question) (Why don’t we ~ ?)
  10. Kankoku ryōri ni shimasenka? (Korean food)
  11. NOUN + ni + shimasenka?
  12. shimasu (VERB)
  13. shimasenka? (negative question)
  14. Combining the negative and question form of a verb gives you the expression for proposing an idea.
  1. tetsudō mokei (railroad model)（鉄道模型）
  2. shinkansen (bullet train)（新幹線）
  3. Akihabara（秋葉原）
  4. eki (station)（駅）
  5. moe（萌）
  1. Sakini chūmon shimasenka? (Why don’t we order ~ ?)
  2. chūmon (order)
  3. shimashō
  4. tori no karaage (fried chicken)
  5. ika no sugatayaki (grilled whole squid)
  6. To answer a question ending in “masenka", say “mashō" if you agree.
  7. dashimakitamago (Japanese omelette)
  8. eiga (movie)
  9. mimasu (watch)
  10. Eiga o mimasu.
  11. Eiga o mimasenka?
  12. Eiga o mimashō.
  13. The expression “mashō" is also used to confirm agreement on the subject.
  14. Basically, saying “sōdesune" and “shimashō" is like saying “Yes, let’s do that."
  1. daigaku (university)
  2. imo (potato)
  3. daigakuimo (Chunks of sweet potato are deep-fried and served with a sweet sauce and black sesame seeds.)
  4. sasuga desu (use as a compliment, similar to “well done".)
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學習 / 語言 / 日文 / 簡單日語 #19

發表於 由atthedailycrossroads撰寫

https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/tv/japaneasy/season1/19.html

Comparing two things.

  1. kanzume (canned food)
  2. jisho (dictionary)
  3. omoi (heavy)
  4. When comparing two items, we use the word “dotchi“. “Dotchi" means “which". When comparing A and B, we say “A to B to".
  5. A to B to dotchi ga omoi desuka?
  6. B wa A yori omoi desu. (B>A)
  7. A yori (compared to A)
  8. B no hōga omoi desu.
  1. When comparing three or more items, we use the word “dore". It’s different from comparing two items, when the word “dotchi" was used.
  2. nagai (long)
  3. Dore ga ichiban nagai desuka? (Which is the longest?)
  4. C ga mittsu no naka de ichiban nagai desu. (among the three)
  5. shikashi (but)
  6. A wa C hodo nagakunai desu.
  1. otsukaresama （辛苦了）
  2. otsukaresama desu
  3. otsukaresama deshita
  4. mainichi (every day)
  5. kuzumanjū (It is made by adding water and sugar to kudzu powder and boiled. Then a slightly hard adzuki bean paste is wrapped inside and steamed.)
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學習 / 語言 / 日文 / 簡單日語 #18

發表於 由atthedailycrossroads撰寫

https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/tv/japaneasy/season1/18.html

Using time words.

  1. ototoi (the day before yesterday)
  2. konbini (convenience store)
  3. kaimono (shopping)
  4. yoru (night)
  5. kinō (yesterday)
  6. kinō no yoru (yesterday night)
  7. bideo o mimashita (watched a video)
  8. ashita (tomorrow)
  9. asa (morning)
  10. satsuei (film shoot)
  11. asatte (the day after tomorrow)
  12. 螢幕快照 2019-11-04 上午11.38.59.png
  13. kyō (today) / kinō (the day before) / ototoi (two days before) / mikka mae (three days before) / ashita (tomorrow) / asatte (the day after)
  1. nōka（農家）
  2. taue（田植）
  3. inaho（稻穗）
  4. kome（米）
  5. gohan（御飯）
  1. kyonen (last year)
  2. kotoshi (this year)
  3. raishū (next week)
  4. raishū no doyōbi (next saturday)
  1. Osusume wa nan desuka?
  2. osusume (recommendation)
  3. kyō no osusume (today’s recommendation)
  4. hyūganatsu no kuzukiri (A kind of dessert.)
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學習 / 語言 / 日文 / 簡單日語 #17

發表於 由atthedailycrossroads撰寫

https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/tv/japaneasy/season1/17.html

Expressing what you want to do.

  1. noborimasu (go up)
  2. noboritai desu (want to go up)
  3. If you take off “masu" from “noborimasu" and add “taidesu", you get the expression to speak about a desire.
  4. mimasu (see)
  5. mitai desu (want to see)
  6. machi (city)
  7. Watashi wa osushi ga tabetai desu.
  8. tabemasu (eat)
  9. Watashi wa jūsu ga nomitai desu.
  10. nomimasu (drink)
  11. Watashi wa Kyōto ni ikitai desu.
  12. ikimasu (go)
  13. kekkon (marriage) (NOUN)
  14. NOUN + shitai desu (If you add “shitai desu" to a noun, you can express that you want to do what the noun refers to.
  1. Sunday (nichi yōbi)（日）（日曜日）
  2. Monday (getsu yōbi)（月）（月曜日）
  3. Tuesday (ka yōbi)（火）（火曜日）
  4. Wednesday (sui yōbi)（水）（水曜日）
  5. Thursday (moku yōbi)（木）（木曜日）
  6. Friday (kin yōbi)（金）（金曜日）
  7. Saturday (do yōbi)（土）（土曜日）
  1. Minna wa nani shitai kana? (What do you want to do?)
  1. odaijini (take care)
  2. kingyo no zerī (Goldfish jelly, is made with a clear, summer fruit jelly, and inside, it is adorned with goldfish and seaweed made from agar, and rice-flour dumplings representing pebbles.)
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學習 / 語言 / 日文 / 簡單日語 #16

發表於 由atthedailycrossroads撰寫

https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/tv/japaneasy/season1/16.html

Expressing what you want.

  1. shiroi (white)
  2. rēzōko (fridge)
  3. “Hoshii" is a word used to express that you want something.
  4. When you want to say that you want something, you just have to use the form “A wa B ga C desu".
  5. akai (red)
  6. sōjiki (vacuum cleaner)
  1. shinsen (fresh)（新鮮）
  2. unagi (eel)（鰻）
  3. kakōchōri (process cook)（加工調理）
  4. haramaki（腹卷）
  1. hoshii desu.
  2. hoshiku nai desu.
  1. ao nisai (an inexperienced young man)
  2. edamame (Premature soy beans that are harvested while still green. Are commonly served boiled with salt.)
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學習 / 語言 / 日文 / 簡單日語 #15

發表於 由atthedailycrossroads撰寫

https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/tv/japaneasy/season1/15.html

Saying you’re sick.

  1. Dō shimashitaka? (What’s the problem?)
  2. Watashi wa atama ga itai desu.
  3. atama (head)
  4. itai (painful)
  5. Netsu mo arimasu.
  6. netsu (fever)
  7. Dewa kuchi o akete kudasai. (Please open your mouth.)
  8. Kaze desune. Kusuri o dashimashō. (You have a cold. I’ll give you some medicine.)
  9. Tsugi no kata. (Next person, please.)
  10. Watashi wa onaka ga itai desu.
  11. onaka (stomach)
  12. Kinō kara onaka ga itai desu.
  13. kinō (yesterday)
  14. “kara" is used to express the time something started.
  15. kinō kara (since yesterday)
  16. ude (arm)
  17. mune (chest)
  1. chichi (father)（父）
  2. haha (mother)（母）
  3. so fu (grandfather)（祖父）
  4. so bo (grandmother)（祖母）
  5. ane (older sister)（姉）/ imōto (younger sister)（妹）
  6. ani (older brother)（兄）/ otōto (younger brother)（弟）
  1. Kore o ikko kudasai. (I’ll take one of these.)
  2. Watashi mo ikko kudasai. (I’ll take one too.)
  3. Futatsu de 260en de gozaimasu. (It will be 260 yen for two.)
  4. Atatakai desune. (It’s warm.)
  5. Watashi wa kore ga suki desu.
  6. Watashi mo kore ga suki desu.
  7. Hai. Omatase shimashita. (Thank you for waiting.)
  8. Watashi wa B ga suki desu. (I like B.)
  9. A wa B ga C desu. (When you want to talk about something you like, you say “A wa B ga C desu." Substitute A with “watashi", B with something you fancy, and C with “suki.")
  10. Nezumi wa chīzu ga suki desu.
  11. nezumi (mouse)
  12. shīzu (cheese)
  13. Panda wa sasa ga suki desu.
  14. sasa (bamboo leaves)
  1. kīroi koe (shrill voice)
  2. dashimakitamago (An omelet cooked with broth.)
  1. Kore o ikko kudasai. (Please give me this one.)
  2. Are o ikko kudasai. (Please give me that one.)
  3. Kono chokorēto o ikko kudasai. (Please give me this chocolate.)
  4. Chīzu bāgā o niko kudasai. (Please give me two cheeseburgers.)
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學習 / 語言 / 日文 / 簡單日語 #14

發表於 由atthedailycrossroads撰寫

https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/tv/japaneasy/season1/14.html

Saying that something is there.

  1. Omise wa doko desuka?
  2. omise (shop)
  3. doko (where)
  4. shingō (traffic light)
  5. migi (right)
  6. hidari (left)
  7. biru (building)
  8. ue (on top of)
  9. shita (under)
  10. furaipan (frying pan)
  11. tana (shelf)
  1. asa (morning)（朝）
  2. daidokoro (kitchen)（台所）
  3. sakana (fish)（魚）
  4. misoshiru (miso soup)（味噌汁）
  5. hiro (day time)（昼）
  6. kōen (park)（公園）
  7. bentō (lunch box)（弁当）
  8. yoru (night)（夜）
  9. izakaya (pub)（居酒屋）
  10. yakitori (grilled chicken)（燒鳥）
  11. kanpai (cheers)（乾杯）
  1. zutto (very)
  2. ushiro (behind)
  3. temae
  1. atama ga masshiro (blank mind)
  2. Hiyayakko (A tofu dish that often served as a side dish for dinner or a compliment to alcoholic drinks.)
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學習 / 語言 / 日文 / 簡單日語 #13

發表於 由atthedailycrossroads撰寫

https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/tv/japaneasy/season1/13.html

Saying that someone is there.

  1. the item + ga arimasu (to explain that an item is there.)
  2. kuruma (car)
  3. naifu (knife)
  4. Tēburu no ue ni naifu ga arimasu. (The knife is on the table.)
  5. tēburu (table)
  6. ue (on)
  7. shita (under)
  8. use “ni" after to explain the position.
  9. dareka (someone)
  10. people + ga imasu (to explain someone is there.)
  11. If you are talking about a person or a living thing, you don’t say “arimasu". You say “imasu".
  12. tonari (next)
  13. heya (room)
  14. Tonari no heya ni dareka ga imasu. (There is someone in the next room.)
  1. tango (word)
  2. tsue (cane)（杖）
  3. mimikaki (ear pick)（掏耳棒）
  4. shichimi （七味）
  5. aka pantsu (red underwear)
  6. kakigōri (shaved ice)
  7. kōri (ice)（冰）
  1. otōsan (father)
  2. okāsan (mother)
  3. onēchan (older sister)
  4. You use “imasu" when speaking about people and living things.
  5. After the first person, you use “mo" and not “ga".
  6. “mo" means also.
  7. chokorēto (chocolate)
  8. kyandhi (candy)
  9. gamu (gum)
  10. You use “arimasu" when speaking about objects.
  11. ushi (cow)
  12. yagi (goat)
  13. saru (monkey)